Intestinal parasite assessment was done by direct smear technique and formol ether concentration methods. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration of stool. This six minute video presents the formol ether concentration technique used to examine fecal parasites. Formol ether concentration techniques using an applicator stick, about 1g of the feces mixed with normal saline was put in a screwcap bottle containing 4ml of 10% water. Formal ether concentration technique 20142015 abstract.
Samples were collected from retail chicken shops and examined for helminthes parasites. The value of formolether concentration of faecal cysts and ova. Technical methods further observations on the formol ether concentration technique for faecal parasites a. Mix the contents of the vial by shaking vigorously or vortexing for 30 seconds. The present study was aimed to validate a new copromicroscopic technique, the miniflotac and to compare its diagnostic efficiency and sensitivity with four other copromicroscopic techniques. The sedimentation technique processes a relatively large stool sample and is thus theoretically more sensitive than alternative techniques. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of active. A cross sectional study was conducted on 364 patients, attending shahura health center, northwest ethiopia. The relationships between intestinal parasitism and excreta disposal technologies in gaborone botswana, ndola zambia and kumasi ghana were inve. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths was 9. A comparison of a modified formalinether concentration technique with a commercial feconomics method and its two modifications in the investigation of blastocystis sp. Workers and seafarers will adapt the formalin ether concentration technique fect. Modified formalinether concentration technique for. The simplified version of ritchies formolether tech nique for the.
Further observations on the formolether concentration technique for. This video demonstrates both the sedimentation formol ether and flotation zinc sulfate methods of stool feces concentration. However knowledge, attitudes and practices kap of this target age group 810 years in relation to schistosomiasis, soil transmitted helminthiasis sths and malaria is not known at a time when integrated plasmodium helminth. Schistosome species lay only few numbers of eggs and only twothird of the eggs are excreted intermittently with stool, making single wet. Diagnostic performance of direct wet mount microscopy in. Further observations on the formol ether concentration technique for faecal parasites. The formolethyl acetate sedimentation concentration technique subsequently termed sedimentation technique is one of the methods recommended in the clinical and laboratory standards institute formerly nccls guidelines and the cumitech guidelines for recovery of parasites from the intestinal tract. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating a formol acetone concentration method in comparison with the conventional direct iodine preparation and formol ether concentration methods. Comparison of formalinethyl ether sedimentation, formalinethyl. Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique. Jcdr concentration techniques, simple salt floatation, zinc. Formol ether concentration method in the diagnosis of active schistosoma mansoni in patients with detectable iha.
International journal of pharmacy and biological sciences vijay prakash singh et al. Of the total of three hundred and thirty four 334 subjects, one hundred and fifty two 152 were females and one hundred and eighty two 182 were males. Prevalence, intensity and factors associated with soil. Hemoglobin concentration was analyzed using cyanmethaemoglobin method. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formol ether concentration method fecm, performed on three different samples, but the direct fecal smear on a single sample is used as diagnostic method more often in resourceconstrained settings. Ridley fromthe hospitalfor tropical diseases, stpancras way,london thesimplified version ofritchies formol ether technique for the concentration offaecal cysts, ova, and larvae ridley and hawgood, 1956, which is no. Fecal debris is extracted into the ether phase so that the ethyl acetate formalin 510% nss. Stool specimens were collected and examined using formol ether concentration technique. Application of pcrbased tools to explore strongyloides. A total of 120 stool samples were collected, 60 male and 60 female from fepeaury to april 2014. The formolether method is a widely used technique for stool examination. The technique recommended for the qualitative diagnosis of intestinal parasites both helminths and intestinal protozoa is the formol ether concentration method fecm 7,8, 9 performed on three. Parasitic elements are concentrated through sedimentation to enhance the recovery in fecal specimens. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 319k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.
Aug 17, 2018 a crosssectional study was carried out among 562 psac 15 years old in 6 counties of hoima district using expanded program on immunization epi method. They showed that the formol ether concentration technique was more sensitive as compared to the other methods. Further observations on the formolether concentration technique for faecal parasites. Formalinethyl acetate sedimentation, and zinc sulfate. We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalin ether concentration technique mfect to the conventional fect cfect and the agar plate culture apc method for the detection of strongyloides stercoralis larvae. The prepared slides and preserved specimens were transported to the medical parasitology laboratory of the aklilu lemma institute of pathobiology, addis ababa university, within four to five days of specimen collection.
Mohammad a al mofarreh 1, ahmad m al akwaa 2, sayed w hasan 1, ibrahim a al mofleh 2 1 dr. Out of the 76 persons who were both reference standard and sedimentation technique negative, there were 18 only positive with iha, 5 only with katokatz and 4 with a positive hatching test only. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Since the introduction of ritchies method in 1948, many laboratories have chosen the formalin ether concentration procedure for parasitological exams in fecal specimens. An estimated peasize of faeces was emulsified in 4 ml of 10% formol water. The formalinether concentration technique fect is a widely used sedimentation technique for the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in preserved stool samples.
Formalin ether concentration technique is a method use to concentrate parasitic elements through sedimentation to enhance recovery. The two most commonly used stool concentration techniques. The endemic countries are in a diagnostic dilemma concerning schistosoma japonicum with increasing difficulties in diagnosing the infected individuals. Prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among school. Most types of worm eggs round worms, tapeworms, schistosomes, and other fluke eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts may be recovered by this method.
A selfadministered questionnaire was used to record kap of students against intestinal parasitic infection. Jun, 2011 helminth infection rates in grade three children are used as proxy indicators of community infection status and to guide treatment strategies in endemic areas. Bukumbi for intestinal parasitic infections with three diagnostic methods. Jun 11, 2019 this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of parasitic infections among patients. The specific gravity of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs is greater than that of water.
Modified formalinether concentration technique for diagnosis. A comparison of a modified formalin ether concentration technique with a commercial feconomics method and its two modifications in the investigation of blastocystis sp. Gastro intestinal helminths parasites of local chickens. Formalin ether concentration technique laboratory stack. In such cases, the use of concentration techniques increases the chances of detecting parasitic organisms, thus increasing the sensitivity of copromicroscopic techniques. Under diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in a. The helminth parasite community of european badgers meles. Prevalence of human intestinal helminth parasites among. The formolether concentration technique for intestinal. Comparison of modified 1% potassium hydroxide formol ether concentration technique with direct wet mount preparation and standard formol ether concentration technique for detection of parasites in.
Low sensitivity of the formolethyl acetate sedimentation. I think mike cruickshanks new profit maximiser service is going to be one of the big hits and i can say hand on heart, if you follow the instructions, and just get involved, you will make a lot of money over the coming weeks, months and years. Knowledge attitudes and practices of grade three primary. The modified katokatz technique was performed to estimate the parasitic burden, expressed in the number of protozoa per gram of stool. The technologist will prepare a direct smear from the remaining sediment. This procedure entails filtration of a faecal suspension in 10% formalin in water, solvent extraction of debris and fat, followed by centrifugation. Miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for. The formol ethyl acetate sedimentation concentration technique is preferred by many clinical microbiology laboratories for the detection of parasites in stool samples. For further confirmation, formol ether concentration technique was performed. In simple salt flotation method, about 1gm of feces were emulsified with 34 ml of saturated salt solution in a 20ml conical glass test tube. Evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal.
The formol ether concentration fec technique ridley and hawgood, 1956 is also widely used and has the advantages of fixing the parasites, thus rendering the samples noninfectious, as well as preserving many types of cysts, which the kk technique does not cheesbrough, 2005. A modified zinc sulfate flotation technique using formalinized fecal specimens fznso4 was compared to the formalin ether fe concentration method for the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Additionally, we included another flotation method, namely, the saltsugar flotation ssf technique as an alternative to fea. Since first being identified as a wildlife reservoir of bovine tuberculosis in 1974 there has been an increased research focus into the behaviour of these ecologically important mammals in the republic of ireland roi. Oct 29, 20 clonorchiasis is a chronic neglected disease caused by a liver fluke, clonorchis sinensis. In particular, the formalin ether sedimentation technique 406th medical general laboratory mgl, first reported by ritchie 1948, is commonly used for detecting helminth eggs, larvae, and. Disadvantagesoftheformalin ether technique include i concentration ofgranular material, ii suboptimal concentration of h. Formal ether sedimentation stool concentration technique. Total 126 students gave stool samples which were analysed by formol ether concentration technique. Laboratory stack technical laboratory procedure guides for clinical laboratory scientists and students including the latest technology and. The sedimentation technique had low sensitivity and is relatively timeconsuming. Al mofarreh polyclinic, kkuh, riyadh, saudi arabia 2 department of medicine, kkuh, riyadh, saudi arabia click here for correspondence address. However, taking into account the acknowledged dangers caused by exposure to ether and formaldehyde, research was initiated to develop techniques as efficient as ritchies method, 14. Comparison formalinethyl ether sedimentation, formalin.
According to ritchie 1948, the recovery efficiency of the mgl technique for. Transmission of schistosoma mansoni in yachi areas. Principle of formal ether formalinethyl aceatate sedimentation technique. Evaluation and modification of the formalinether sedimentation. A bayesian approach was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the evaluation tool. The formolether concentration technique for intestinal parasites. Pdf comparison of routine and concentration techniques.
With the different solutions added, fecal debris is extracted into the ether phase and parasitic elements are sedimented at the bottom. Although several diagnostic methods such as katokatz and formol ether concentration fec techniques are available, direct wet mount is the commonly used as a reliable diagnosis method for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections generally in africa and particularly in ethiopia 10. Centrifuge time should be calculated after centrifuge reaches full speed. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. The formol ether concentration technique on the other hand is timeconsuming, and requires several materials. If washed sediment is mainly mucous, place 1 drop of mayers albumen on 2 slides. The present study was a crosssectional study which comprised of 127 students who were selected by stratified random sampling. The most commonly used fixatives for stool preservation are either formalin or sodium acetateacetic acidformalin saf 3, 24, 40. Three techniques were applied on all samples which included direct microscopic examination by using saline and iodine preparations and the microscopic examination after using two concentration techniques which included simple salt flotation technique and formal ether concentration technique. Prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of parasitic infections among patients. The study showed that infections were more prevalent among males.
The study was designed at state elementary school 27 peusangan, bireuen. More than 10 faecal examination techniques are known, including direct smear ds andor concentration tada et al. Formal ether sedimentation technique for the concentration. Single stool sample was processed for direct, formol ether concentration. Formol ether concentration technique was used to concentrate the gut content and analysis carried out. Stool samples from children were examined using the formol ether concentration technique for sth egg detection. The modified ridleyallen formol ether concentration technique is the method of choice for routine use by most clinical laboratories and is the method on which most commercial kits are based. For each stool specimen collected formol ether concentration technique was performed. Formalinether sedimentation mgl is a wellknown technique for the examination of faeces for parasites, but some recent reports have indicated that its. Comparison of routine and concentration techniques on. Six different gastrointestinal parasites were isolated and identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal parasitosis in school age children in ethiopia.
Excreta disposal facilities and intestinal parasitism in. Formolether concentration method in the diagnosis of. Pdf a comparison of a modified formalinether concentration. Sedimentation techniques use solutions of lower specific gravity. Responsibilities function activities laboratory technician perform the formalin ether concentration technique blinded to the results of the reference tests. Request pdf the formolether concentration technique for intestinal. Soil transmitted helminths among primary school children. Comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formolether concentration diagnostic techniques for intestinal helminth infections in ethiopia. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place miniflotac, an innovative direct diagnostic technique for intestinal parasitic infections. The formalinether concentration technique is typically conducted in reference laboratories for the concurrent diagnosis of helminth and intestinal protozoa. Remove an equal volume of sediment with an applicator stick, mix with albumen on. Under the republic act 10022 of the department of health, the preemployment stool exam of overseas filipino workers and seafarers will adapt the formalin ether concentration technique fect. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of 4 methods for. The fec study on a total of 80 100% elementary students showed that 12 15% sample had the sth.
The number of parasitic forms of both protozoan andor helminthic parasites in fecal specimens is often too low to be observed microscopically in direct wet mounts or in stained smear preparation. We compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalinether concentration technique mfect to the conventional fect cfect and the agar plate culture apc method for the detection of strongyloides stercoralis larvae. Among these concentration techniques,the two most commonly used stool concentration techniques. Miranda questions for research update brief summary draw and label. Formalin ether or formalin ethyl acetate method is the recommended concentration procedures. The most common intestinal nematodes of dogs are toxocara canis, hookworm and trichuris vulpis. Pdf a modified formalinether concentration technique for. Next another 4 ml of 10% vv formol water was added and mixed well by shaking. Comparison of direct smear and formol ether concentration techniques in diagnosing intestinal parasites.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 319k, or click on a page image below. The sedimentation technique used at cdc is the formalinethyl acetate technique, a diphasic sedimentation technique that avoids the problems of flammability of ether, and which can be used with specimens preserved in formalin, mif or saf. Thereafter, the feces was sieved, and the sieved suspension collected in a beaker. Pdf we compared the efficacy and applicability of a modified formalinether concentration technique mfect to the conventional fect cfect and the. Further observations on the formolether concentration. When ranked by proportion, parasite loads were found as follows. Different studies showed that formol ether concentration technique fec is more sensitive than the conventional direct wet mount microscopy. Diagnostic techniques in medical parasitology the biology of. Pdf further observations on the formolether concentration. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of control and treatment efficacy is usually determined by microscopic examination of fecal samples.
The bottle was capped and mixed by shaking for about 20 seconds. The highest prevalence of infections was recorded among the age group of 19 22 years 21% in both sexes, and least infection rate in the age group of 27 30. This method increases the sensivity as compare to direct wet mount with dobell iodine or normal saline. After stirring well, more salt solution was added till the container was. Comparison of the flotac400 dual technique and the.
Pdf the formolether concentration technique for intestinal. Prevalence of intestinal helminth infections among school children. Knowledge, attitude and practice kap assessment of. Pdf teknik konsentrasi formol eter untuk mendiagnosa. The use of ether has since been substituted with ethylacetate, without any change in sensitivity erdman, 1981, to become the fea concentration technique used in this study. For this purpose, we used 600 human fecal specimens collected in an endemic area of southern thailand. Four layers formed after the second centrifugation of the fact improved diagnosis of strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigenbased. This resource was developed by charles adjei osei of the kwame nkrumah university of. The formol ether diagnostic technique was generally more sensitive with s. A total of 103 samples collected from the same number of individuals were examined for intestinal parasites using the direct smear method and the formol ether concentration technique. Filter the emulsion through fine mesh gauze into a conical centrifuge tube. Formol ether concentration technique was used to analyze the stool samples. Adaptation of ritchies method for parasites diagnosing. Formalinether sedimentation concentration definition of.
Comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formolether. The phylum ascetospora, for example, is covered in a few lines of text and the sole example of the phylum included here is minchinia nelsoni which has devastated populations of the. Schistosoma mansoni was the dominant parasites as detected by both direct wet mount and formol ether concentration technique with 4452 84. Article pdf available in journal of clinical pathology 236. Hemoglobin concentration of intestinal parasites infested. The simplified version of ritchies formolether tech nique for the concentration of faecal cysts, ova, and larvae ridley and hawgood, 1956, which is no less. In a suitable container, thoroughly mix a portion of stool specimen about the size of a walnut into 10ml of saline solution. Pdf comparison of the katokatz, wet mount, and formol. Vernier measurements should be taken if an unusual parasite is identified or if a confirmation is required.
We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the katokatz method and the formalin ether concentration technique fect for c. Therefore, the employment of fec techniques as a confirmatory test in routine laboratory examination of stool will significantly aid in accurate determination and management of parasitic infections. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 319k. Formalin acts both a fixative and preservative of protozoan eggs, larvae and cysts. The proportion of overall infected samples was 31%. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among. Time delays between patient and laboratory selectively affect. Ether concentration technique in diagnosis of intestinal parasites. The children were categorized into three age groups 68 represent 41. With the 50 ml centrifuge vial still loosely attached to the filter unit loose attachment will facilitate the release of air pressure during use, insert the open en d of the filter unit into the specimen vial until the. The formalether concentration technique was performed by adding 1 g of faeces to 5 ml of formalin 10%, which was emulsified and strained, and the filtrate centrifuged for 2 min at 3000 rpm. A total of five species of intestinal helminth parasites were encountered during the study, ascaris lumbricoides had the highest percentage of 49 32. Laboratory procedures for stool examination laboratory.
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